Articles | Volume 7, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-7-25-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-7-25-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Oct 2020
Research article |
| 01 Oct 2020
| 01 Oct 2020
Postural behavior of howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata, A. macconnelli, and A. caraya) during sleep: an assessment across the genus range
Bernardo Urbani
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Centro de Antropología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones
Científicas, Apartado 66.755, Caracas 1061-A, Venezuela
Dionisios Youlatos
Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Martín M. Kowalewski
Estación Biológica Corrientes, Museo Argentino de Ciencias
Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, CONICET, Ruta Prov. 8, Km 7, 3400, San
Cayetano, Corrientes, Argentina
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Raul Bello, Eckhard Heymann, and Sam Pottie
Primate Biol., 9, 29–31, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-9-29-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-9-29-2022, 2022
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A camera trap captured the moment in which a group of collared peccaries attacked and killed a howler monkey at a clay lick in the Taricaya Ecological Reserve, Madre de Dios, Peru. This novel behaviour helps us understand the myriad risks howler monkeys face when descending to the forest floor while also indirectly emphasizing the importance of geophagy for these animals.
Gurjit K. Theara, Juan Ruíz Macedo, Ricardo Zárate Gómez, Eckhard W. Heymann, and Sofya Dolotovskaya
Primate Biol., 9, 7–10, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-9-7-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-9-7-2022, 2022
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Md Shalauddin, Md Jayedul Islam, and Tanvir Ahmed
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We report the first masturbatory behaviour in a male Phayre's langur, in a semi-evergreen forest in Bangladesh. We discuss possible reasons for masturbation and suggest an adequate characterization of the socio-sexual behaviour and reproductive strategies of this globally endangered primate to demonstrate the causes, cost and consequences of masturbation. We also urge further scientific exploration into masturbation among primates due to its evolutionary and conservation significance.
Klara Dinter, Michael Heistermann, Peter M. Kappeler, and Claudia Fichtel
Primate Biol., 8, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-8-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-8-1-2021, 2021
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We examined the influence of forest edge effects on activity budgets, feeding ecology, and stress hormone output in five groups of Verreaux’s sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi) in western Madagascar. Sifakas in the edge habitat travelled more, tended to have smaller home ranges, had lower fruit consumption, higher stress hormone levels, and lower birth rates than sifakas in the forest interior. Hence, Verreaux’s sifakas appear to be sensitive to microhabitat characteristics linked to forest edges.
Brenda Letícia Pereira Oliveira, João Pedro Souza-Alves, and Marcela Alvares Oliveira
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Sofya Dolotovskaya, Camilo Flores Amasifuen, Caroline Elisabeth Haas, Fabian Nummert, and Eckhard W. Heymann
Primate Biol., 6, 59–64, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-6-59-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-6-59-2019, 2019
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Reactions to predators vary a lot in primates and can be passive (hiding, fleeing) or active (mobbing, alarm calls). Due to their secretive lifestyle, Neotropical titi monkeys are thought to use mainly passive crypsis and hiding as anti-predator responses. Predator mobbing has been reported only for one titi species, Callicebus nigrifrons. We report mobbing of an ocelot and Boa constrictor in red titi monkeys and Plecturocebus cupreus, and alarm calling as a reaction to tayras and raptors.
João Pedro Souza-Alves, Natasha M. Albuquerque, Luana Vinhas, Thayane S. Cardoso, Raone Beltrão-Mendes, and Leandro Jerusalinsky
Primate Biol., 5, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-5-1-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-5-1-2018, 2018
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These data come from the major study on gut passage with two primate species (Callicebus coimbrai and Callicebus barbarabrownae) enclosed in the Zoobotanical Park localized in the north-eastern Brazil. During the sampling period, we have decided to obtain self-anointing and laterality data. Due to the presence of large glands in C. coimbrai and C. barbarabrownae chests, we cautiously suggest that the use of Bauhinia may be linked to olfactory communication.
Holger Sennhenn-Reulen, Langhalima Diedhiou, Matthias Klapproth, and Dietmar Zinner
Primate Biol., 4, 143–151, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-4-143-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-4-143-2017, 2017
Rosario Huashuayo-Llamocca and Eckhard W. Heymann
Primate Biol., 4, 127–130, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-4-127-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-4-127-2017, 2017
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We report observations fur-rubbing with leaves from the spiked pepper plant, Piper aduncum, in the San Martín titi monkey, Callicebus oenanthe. As leaf extracts from this plant include insecticidal compounds, we interpret this behaviour as a defense against ectoparasites. Our observations expand the number of primate species for which this kind of self-medication is reported.
Filipa M. D. Paciência, Deusdedith Baluya, Pay Mbaryo, Sascha Knauf, and Dietmar Zinner
Primate Biol., 4, 101–106, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-4-101-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-4-101-2017, 2017
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Here we report two encounters between olive baboons (Papio anubis) and crowned eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus), a potential predator, at Lake Manyara National Park, Tanzania. On both events, baboons gave alarm calls while infants got close to adults and juveniles ran to cover. Adult males approached the eagles and chased them away. The baboons’ reactions indeed support the assumption that crowned eagles pose a threat, at least for juvenile baboons.
Eva-Maria Rathke, Andreas Berghänel, Annie Bissonnette, Julia Ostner, and Oliver Schülke
Primate Biol., 4, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-4-1-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-4-1-2017, 2017
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Coalitions are a specific case of cooperative competition and have been explained by various factors like partner availability, distribution of fighting ability, or cost of coordination. We investigated if age is an important factor influencing coalition formation and, specifically, if males switch from a solo strategy to a cooperative one after reaching post-prime age. We found that older males formed more coalitions than younger ones, stressing the importance of age in cooperative competition.
Klara Kittler and Silvio Dietzel
Primate Biol., 3, 41–46, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-3-41-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-3-41-2016, 2016
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We report on extremely rare events of group eviction and eventually lethal aggression in a group of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) that were targeted against the two highest-ranking females. These events erupted after an infanticide by the highest-ranking female directed at the offspring of a subordinate. We suggest that this aggressive changeover of power between two matrilines was based on the growing group size and was an act of female reproductive competition during birth season.
A. S. Goffe and J. Fischer
Primate Biol., 3, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-3-1-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-3-1-2016, 2016
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We describe the acquisition, sharing and consumption of meat by wild Guinea baboons. Males were the hunters and shared meat passively only with females in their social and reproductive units. Females were able to acquire meat from sharing episodes and by scavenging from their male social partners. The presence of existing social bonds, rather than short-term exchanges of meat for sex, is likely a driving factor in the occurrence of meat sharing between males and females in this species.
E. Fuchs
Primate Biol., 2, 111–118, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-2-111-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-2-111-2015, 2015
E. W. Heymann and J. U. Ganzhorn
Primate Biol., 2, 73–80, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-2-73-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-2-73-2015, 2015
A. P. Hillyer, R. Armstrong, and A. H. Korstjens
Primate Biol., 2, 21–24, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-2-21-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-2-21-2015, 2015
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Terrestrial drinking is not normally reported for arboreal primates. Here we report observations of terrestrial drinking from man-made watering holes by Temminck’s red colobus (Piliocolobus badius temminckii) at two sites in The Gambia. Our observations show that shallow man-made watering holes, not harbouring predators, were used by different age classes. The implications of this behaviour for this endangered subspecies and the trend of increasing temperatures in The Gambia are discussed.
A. Clyvia, M. C. Kaizer, R. V. Santos, R. J. Young, and C. Cäsar
Primate Biol., 1, 23–28, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-1-23-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/pb-1-23-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
We report the first case of putative empathic response in titi monkeys (Callibebus). Pair bonds between males and females are typically strong, with substantial time spent grooming and tail twining. In an intriguing and unexpected observation we recorded an injured adult out-group male travelling with a neighbouring group. The group appeared to adapt travel patterns to allow him to accompany them, provided pro-social behaviour such as grooming and tolerated his presence at their sleeping site
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Short summary
Sleep is the longest and most continuous behavioral phase in the 24 h cycle of mammals. However, selection of postures, substrates, and tree parts during sleep has not been adequately explored, as well as their evolutionary consequences. The present study investigates postural behavior, substrate, and tree part use during sleep in three howler species (A. palliata, A. macconnelli, and A. caraya) in Nicaragua, French Guiana, and Argentina. All three species were consistent in the use of a crouch.
Sleep is the longest and most continuous behavioral phase in the 24 h cycle of mammals. However,...
